Organophosphorous poisoning
Pralidoxime chloride is indicated as an antidote:
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- In the treatment of poisoning due to those pesticides and chemicals (e.g., nerve agents) of the organophosphate class which have anticholinesterase activity and
- In the control of overdosage by anticholinesterase drugs used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
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Pralidoxime chloride is indicated as an antidote:
- In the treatment of poisoning due to those pesticides and chemicals (e.g., nerve agents) of the organophosphate class which have anticholinesterase activity and
- In the control of overdosage by anticholinesterase drugs used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.
The principal indications for the use of Pralidoxime chloride are muscle weakness and respiratory depression. In severe poisoning, respiratory depression may be due to muscle weakness.
Pralidoxime reactivates cholinesterase outside the CNS that had been inactivated by phosphorylation due to exposure to certain organophosphates by displacing the enzyme from its receptor sites. It removes the phosphoryl group from the active site of the inactivated enzyme by nucleophilic attack, regenerating active cholinesterase and forming an oxime complex. It also detoxifies certain organophosphates by direct chemical reaction.
Drowsiness, dizziness, visual disturbances, nausea, HTN, tachycardia, headache, hyperventilation, muscle weakness, impaired renal function, elevated liver enzymes, transient increase in creatine phosphokinase, transient neuromuscular blockade; mild to moderate pain at inj site.
Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.
Patient with myasthenia gravis receiving anticholinesterase agents. Not indicated in the treatment of poisoning due to phosphorous, inorganic phosphates, or organophosphates without anticholinesterase activity and carbamate pesticides. Renal impairment. Pregnancy and lactation.
Antidote preparations
Manifestations of Overdosage: Observed in normal subjects only: dizziness, blurred vision, diplopia, headache, impaired accommodation, nausea, slight tachycardia. In therapy it has been difficult to differentiate side effects due to the drug from those due to the effects of the poison.
Store between 20-25° C.