Vomiting
Chlorpromazine is indicated in the following conditions:
-
- Schizophrenia and other psychoses (especially paranoid), mania and hypomania.
- In anxiety psychomotor agitation excitement, violent or dangerously impulsive behaviour. Chlorpromazine is used as an adjunct in the short-term management of these conditions.
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Chlorpromazine is indicated in the following conditions:
- Schizophrenia and other psychoses (especially paranoid), mania and hypomania.
- In anxiety psychomotor agitation excitement, violent or dangerously impulsive behaviour. Chlorpromazine is used as an adjunct in the short-term management of these conditions.
- Intractable hiccup.
- Nausea and vomiting of terminal illness (where other medicines have failed or are not available).
- Childhood schizophrenia and autism.
Chlorpromazine is a neuroleptic that acts by blocking the postsynaptic dopamine receptor in the mesolimbic dopaminergic system and inhibits the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal hormones. It has antiemetic, serotonin-blocking, and weak antihistaminic properties and slight ganglion-blocking activity.
Interactions resulting in decreased chlorpromazine levels: Food, alcohol and benztropine can reduce the absorption of chlorpromazine. Antacids can slow the absorption of chlorpromazine. Lithium and chronic administration of barbiturates can lead to increased clearance of chlorpromazine.
Interactions resulting in increased chlorpromazine levels: Tricyclic antidepressants decrease the clearance of chlorpromazine and may lead to increased serum levels. Administration of chlorpromazine with CYP1A2 inhibitors, in particular strong (such as ciprofloxacin and fluvoxamine) or moderate (such as oral contraceptives and vemurafenib) inhibitors leads to an increase in chlorpromazine plasma concentrations. Therefore, patients may experience any chlorpromazine dose-dependent adverse drug reaction.
The following adverse effects have been reported for chlorpromazine or phenothiazines in
general.
- Cardiovascular: Postural hypotension, ECG Changes.
- Dermatological
- Contact dermatitis, photosensitivity, urticarial, maculopapular, petechial or oedematous reactions.
- Endocrine: Elevated prolactin levels, impaired thermoregulation, hyperglycaemia, other hypothalamic effects.
- Gastrointestinal: Dry mouth, constipation.
- Immunological: Raised ANA titre, positive SLE cells.
- Genitourinary: Urinary retention.
- Haematological: Leucopenia, agranulocytosis, eosinophilia, hemolytic anaemia, aplastic anaemia, thrombocytopenic purpura and pancytopenia have been reported.
Pregnancy category C. Studies in animals by oral route have shown reproductive toxicity (dose-related embryo fetotoxicity: increased resorptions and dead foetuses). Increased incidence of malformations was observed in mice but only at doses inducing maternal mortality. There is inadequate animal data regarding reproductive toxicity with chlorpromazine by parenteral route. In humans, the teratogenic risk of chlorpromazine has not been evaluated. Different prospective epidemiological studies conducted with other phenothiazines have yielded contradictory results regarding teratogenic risk. Chlorpromazine has been found to be excreted in breast milk in variable amounts, therefore it is not recommended for nursing mothers unless the expected benefits outweigh any potential risk.
Chlorpromazine generally should not be used in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, hypoparathyroidism, myasthenia gravis and prostatic hypertrophy.
Elderly: The elderly are relatively more susceptible to the adverse effects of chlorpromazine. The starting dose should be about half the usual adult dose and dosage increments should be gradual and reviewed regularly.
Anti-emetic drugs, Phenothiazine drugs, Phenothiazine related drugs
Keep below 30°C temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children.
